UNIT – 3
Utilization of Electrical Power
General applications of Batteries
1. Batteries are used in starting, lightning and ignition systems.
2. They are used in back up power supply.
3. Batteries are used in portable equipment like wrist watches, mobile phones, tablets, laptops.
4. They are used in military and aerospace science.
Advantages of Ni-Cd battery
1. Only battery that can be ultra-fast charged with little stress.
2. It has long shelf life; can be stored in a discharged state.
3. Simple storage and transportation.
4. Available in wide range of sizes and performance options.
Disadvantages of Ni-Cd battery:
1. Relatively low specific energy compared with newer systems.
2. Cadmium is a toxic metal ,cannot be disposed of in landfills.
3. It has high self-discharge.
4. It has memory effect;needs full discharges.
Advantages of lead acid battery:
1. It is less expensive.
2. It is robust and tolerant to abuse.
3. It can deliver very high currents.
4. Wide range of sizes and capacities available.
Disadvantages of lead acid battery:
1. It is very bulky and heavy.
2. It has danger of over heating during charging.
3. It is not suitable for fast charging.
4. Must be stored in a charged state once the electrolyte has been introduced to avoid deterioration of the active chemicals.
Advantages of lithium battery
1. It is Eco friendly
2. It is less weight and compact.
3. It needs low maintenance.
4. It needs more charge cycles.
Disadvantages of lithium battery
1. Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits.
2. It is expensive to manufacture-storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect.
3. It is not fully mature -metals and chemicals are changing on a continuing basis.
4. Shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control.
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