OS Installation

 

Operating System Installation

 

 

Steps to install Windows 10 operating system

1. To connect the Windows 10 installation media, insert DVD into the drive.
2. Boot the PC into the BIOS. Under Boot tab, select the device from which to boot as CD-ROM Drive or Optical Drive option as the first choice.
3. Save the settings and exit.
4. Restart the computer.
5. The Windows Setup will load and will display a Setup window...
6. Choose the Windows Setup options / Select the Regional Settings (preferred language, keyboard type, and time/currency format), then click Next.
7. Click the ‘Install Now’ button.
8. Enter the Windows Product Key, then click Next.
9. Read over the Microsoft Software License Terms. To accept the License Terms check 'I accept the license terms' checkbox and click Next.
10. Select the Custom installation.
11. Select the hard drive and partition to install Windows on and click Next.
12. Windows will begin installing.
13. After installation completes, the system will restart. Adjust the personalization, location, browser, protection, connectivity and error reporting settings.
14. Specify who the owner of the device is and sign in to Windows 10 with your Microsoft account.
15. Click Finish/Restart and remove the Windows Install Media
16. On restarting the system will run the new Windows operating system.

  

Steps to install Linux as a guest OS in Windows 10 OS using VMware.

1. Download and install the VMware Workstation Player and launch it.
2. Create a VM by clicking “Create a New Virtual Machine”. Browse and select the Installer disc image file (iso) of Linux OS. Click Next
3. In “Select a guest OS”, choose the guest OS (Linux) and its version. Click Next
4. Under Specify Disk Capacity adjust Maximum disk size as required. Click Next and Confirm the selected size in next window.
5. Click finish to add the Linux virtual machine to VMware Workstation Player.
6. Open the VMware Workstation Player settings and customize the VM hardware as required.
7. To launch the Linux virtual machine, use the Play button in VMware Workstation Player.

 

 

UnixCmds

UNIX COMMANDS

 

UNIX commands: 

1. To create a directory.
   1. Syntax :  mkdir <directory name>
   2. Example :  mkdir oslab
2. To rename a directory.
   1. Syntax :  mv <directory 1> <directory 2>
   2. Example :  mv CIVIL IT
3. To change the directory.
   1. Syntax :  cd <directory name>
   2. Example :  cd IT1
4. To copy the directory and its file to another directory.
   1. Syntax :  cp –r <source directory> <destination directory>
   2. Example :  cp –r IT1/ IT2
5. To remove an empty directory.
   1. Syntax :  rmdir <empty directory name>
   2. Example :  rmdir IT1
6. To remove an non–empty directory.
   1. Syntax :  rmdir –r <directory name>
   2. Example :  rmdir –r IT2
7. To print present working directory. / To display complete path of the working directory.
   1. Syntax :  pwd
8. To create a file.
   1. Syntax :  vi <file name>
   2. Example :  vi aa.txt
9. To rename a file.
   1. Syntax :  mv <old file name> <new file name>
   2. Example :  mv aa.txt a1.txt
10. To view a file.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file name>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt
11. To copy files.
    1. Syntax :  cp <source filename> <destination filename>
    2. Example :  cp a1.txt a2.txt
12. To move files.
    1. Syntax :  mv <filename 1> <filename 2>
    2. Example :  mv a1.txt a2.txt
13. To concatenate two files.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file 1> <file 2>  > <new file 3>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt a2.txt > a3.txt
14. To display the file contents.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file name>
    2. Example :  cat a3.txt
15. To display the file contents with line number.
    1. Syntax :  cat –n <file name>
    2. Example :  cat –n a3.txt
16. To create a file using cat command
    1. Syntax : cat > <filename>

<Type the information and press <ctrl+d> to terminate>

2. Example :  cat > a4.txt

17. To append the contents of one file to another.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file 1> >> <file 2>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt >> a2.txt
18. To append more than one file.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file 1> <file 2> <file 3>…>> <destination file>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt a2.txt a3.txt >> aa.txt
19. To link files. <Creates a link between two files. changes in file will reflect in the other file also>
    1. Syntax :  ln <file 1> <file 2>
    2. Example : ln a1.txt a2.txt
20. To link 5 files.
    1. Syntax :  ln <source directory> <destination directory>
    2. Example : ln /home/anu/IT/* /home/anu/IT/
21. To sort files in alphabetical order / Display the file contents in descending / ascending order.
    1. Syntax :  sort <file>   // ascending order
    2. Example :  sort a1.txt
    3. Syntax : sort –r <file>   // descending order
    4. Example :  sort –r a1.txt
22. To list the contents of a directory.
    1. Syntax :  ls
23. To list all directories of a user.
    1. Syntax :  ls –l | egrep ‘^d’
24. To list only files from a directory.
    1. Syntax :  ls –l | egrep –v ‘^d’
25. To list hidden directories.
    1. Syntax :  ls -a
26. To display all files, subdirectories and files in the subdirectories including their sizes.
    1. Syntax :  ls -lR
27. To list only the subdirectories available in the present working directory.
    1. Syntax :  ls –lR | egrep –v ‘^d’
28. To list all directories / files that start with a specific character.
    1. Syntax :  ls <character>*
    2. Example : la a*
29. To list all files in current directory whose 2^ndcharacter is a digit.
    1. Syntax :  ls ?[0–9]*
30. To list files and directories recursively on a single line.
    1. Syntax :  ls –LR
31. To list all files which has dot at the end
    1. Syntax :  ls *.
32. To list all filenames which has a specific extension
    1. Syntax :  ls *.<extension>
    2. Example : ls *.txt
33. To list the file attributes and file size.
    1. Syntax :  ls -l
34. To change the file to read only mode. / to change the permission of a file
    1. Syntax :  chmod u-wx <file>

chmod g-wx <file>

chmod o-wx <file>

2. Example :  chmod u-wx a1.txt

chmod g-wx a1.txt 

chmod o-wx a1.txt

35. To view one page of a file.
    1. Syntax :  ls –l | more
36. To view the files page by page.
    1. Syntax :  ls –l | more

<press space bar to view next page> 

37. To view first 10 lines of a file / to display the beginning of a file
    1. Syntax :  head <file>
    2. Example :  head a1.txt
38. To view last 10 lines of a file / to display the end of a  file
    1. Syntax :  tail <file>
    2. Example :  tail a1.txt
39. To display only the first two characters of all lines from a file.
    1. Syntax :  cut –c1–2 <file name>
    2. Example :  cut –c1–2 aa.txt
40. To combine two files.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file 1> <file 2> > <new file 3>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt a2.txt > a3.txt
41. To combine two files without duplicates.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file 1> <file 2> | sort –u > <new file 3>
    2. Example :  cat a1.txt a2.txt | sort –u > a3.txt
42. To add “;” to the end of the file.
    1. Syntax :  <cat <file>; echo “;”> > <new file>
    2. Example :  <cat a1.txt; echo “;”> > a5.txt
43. To delete the 7th line of a file.
    1. Syntax :  sed ‘<line number>d’ <file>
    2. Example :  sed ‘7d’ a1.txt
44. To split a file into smaller number of files with 3 lines in each file.
    1. Syntax :  split –l <number of lines> <file>
    2. Example :  split –l 3 aa.txt
45. To convert lowercase to uppercase.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file> | awk ‘{print toupper<$0>}’
    2. Example :  cat aa.txt | awk ‘{print toupper<$0>}’
46. To convert uppercase to lowercase.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file> | awk ‘{print toupper<$0>}’
    2. Example :  cat aa.txt | awk ‘{print tolower<$0>}’
47. To combine two strings.
    1. Syntax :  echo <string1><string2>
    2. Example :  echo “IRTT” “CIVIL”
48. To count the number of words in a file.
    1. Syntax :  wc –w <file>
    2. Example :  wc –w aa.txt
49. To count the number of lines in a file.
    1. Syntax :  wc –l <file>
    2. Example :  wc –l aa.txt
50. To count the number of characters in a file.
    1. Syntax :  wc –m <file>
    2. Example : wc –m aa.txt
51. To search for a specific word in a file.
    1. Syntax :  grep <word> <file>
    2. Example :  grep civil aa.txt
52. To count the number of occurrence of a character in a file.
    1. Syntax :  grep –c <word> <file>
    2. Example :  grep –c civil aa.txt
53. To search for a specific file in a directory.
    1. Syntax :  find <present working directory> –type f –name <file>
    2. Example :  find /home/anu –type f –name aa.txt
54. To translate the character “I” in a file to “E”.
    1. Syntax :  cat <file> | tr <original character> <replace character>
    2. Example :  cat aa.txt | tr I E
55. To change the password.
    1. Syntax : passwd
56. To view the commands which was executed
    1. Syntax :  history
57. Show manual for a command
    1. Syntax :  man <command>
    2. Example :  man cat
58. To clear the screen.
    1. Syntax :  clear
59. To print todays date and calendar of the current month using a single command.
    1. Syntax :  cal
60. To print the calendar for year 2013
    1. Syntax :  cal <year>
    2. Example :  cal 2013
61. To print the calendar for 2012 for the month of March.
    1. Syntax :  cal <month> <year>
    2. Example :  cal 3 2012
62. To print date and time.
    1. Syntax :  date
63. Display user name.
    1. Syntax :  whoami
64. To find out who is logged in. / To print who is using the system presently.
    1. Syntax :  who
65. Display users full detail, user-id and group-id.
    1. Syntax :  id

 

 

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