HTML TEXT FORMATTING TAGS

 

Defines how the content of the document is displayed in the browser. Classification

§  Text formatting elements also called as Font formatting

o   changes the font properties of the text (physical styles)

§  Block formatting tags

o   Usually applied to larger content than the text-level formatting tags. They define major sections of a document, such as paragraphs, headings, abstracts, chapters, and so on

§  Phrase Formatting elements also called as Quotation and Citation Elements

o   Describes how the text is being used in the context of the document

 

Text Formatting Tags

(All tags except <BASEFONT> are container tags)

TAG	Function
<B>	Contains text to be rendered in boldface
<I>	Contains text to be rendered in italic
<U>	Contains text to be rendered with an underline
<S> or <STRIKE>	Contains text to be marked with a strikethrough character
<BIG>	Contains text to be rendered in a font size bigger than the default font size
<SMALL>	Contains text to be rendered in a font size smaller than the default font size
<BASEFONT> (Attributes – 3)	Sets base size, color, and typeface properties for the body text font. Deprecated in favor of using style sheets
<FONT> (Attributes – 3)	Contains text whose font properties are to be modified
<SUB>	Contains text to be a subscript to the text that precedes it.
<SUP>	Contains text to be rendered as a superscript to the text that precedes it
<TT>	Contains text to be rendered in a fixed-width font.

 

 

 

Tag Attributes: <FONT> and <BASEFONT>

Attribute	Description and values
COLOR	Set to any of the 16 reserved, English-language color names or an RGB hexadecimal triplet. The default font color is black.
FACE	Set to a list of typefaces that the browser should use to render the text
SIZE	Set equal to an integer value between 1 and 7. This number is mapped to a font size in points by the browser, according to the user's preferences. The default SIZE value is 3.

 

Block Formatting Tags

Except <BR/> and <HR/> all are container tags

TAG	Function
<BLOCKQUOTE>	Contains quoted text that is to be displayed indented from regular body text
<BR>	Inserts a line break in the document.
<CENTER>	Centers all text and other page components it contains
<DIV>	Defines a section or division of a document that requires a special alignment
<HR>	Places a horizontal line on the page
<H1> – <H6>	Establishes a hierarchy of document heading levels. Level 1 has the largest font size. Increasing through the levels causes the font size to decrease. All headings are rendered in boldface and have a little extra line spacing built in above and below them
<P>	Denotes a paragraph
<PRE>	Denotes text to be treated as preformatted. Browsers render preformatted text in a fixed-width font. Whitespace characters, such as spaces, tabs and carriage returns found between the <PRE> and </PRE> tags are not ignored.
<SPAN>	Generic container tag for defining a document block. One popular use is for applying style information.

Tag Attributes: <BLOCKQUOTE>

Attribute	Description and values
CITE	Quotation source's URL.

 

Tag Attributes: <BR>

Attribute	Description and values
CLEAR	The CLEAR attribute tells which margin to break to when breaking beyond a floating page element, such as an image (Value: LEFT | RIGHT | ALL)

 

Tag Attributes: <DIV>, <H1> – <H6>, <P>

Attribute	Description and values
ALIGN	LEFT | RIGHT | CENTER | JUSTIFY

 

Tag Attributes: <HR>

Attribute	Description and values
ALIGN	LEFT | RIGHT | CENTER (Default)
NOSHADE	suppresses the shading effect and yields a solid line
SIZE	thickness of the line – Numeric value
WIDTH	Value set in pixels / %of browser screen

 

Phrase Formatting Tags

(All are container tags)

TAG	Function
<ABBR>	Contains text that is an abbreviation of preceeding text Example: doctorate (<ABBR>PhD</ABBR>)
<ACRONYM>	Contains text that describes an acronym
<ADDRESS>	Contains either a postal or an electronic mail address, typically rendered in italic
<CITE>	Contains the name of a source from which a passage is cited and is rendered in italic
<STRONG>	Contains text to be strongly emphasized, rendered in boldface
<EM>	Contains text to be emphasized, rendered in italic.
<DFN>	Denotes the defining instance of a term
<DEL> (Attributes – 2)	Contains text that has been deleted from the document
<INS> (Attributes – 2)	Contains text that has been inserted into the document after its original draft
<KBD>	Contains text that represents keyboard input
<Q> (Attributes – 1)	Contains a direct quotation to be displayed inline
<CODE>	Contains chunks of computer language code.
<SAMP>	Contains text that represents the literal output from a program
<VAR>	Denotes a variable from a computer program

 

 

Tag Attributes: <DEL> and <INS>

Attribute	Description and values
CITE	Provides the URL of a document that explains why the deletion was necessary
DATETIME	Puts a "timestamp" on the deletion

 

Tag Attributes: <Q>

Attribute	Description and values
CITE	URL of the quoted / cited document